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Editorial

Price Of Rice: Thailand’s Dilemma

Being on the top seldom implies an easy time. Thailand for example, is the world’s largest exporter of rice with as much as nine million tonnes shipped to the world annually. When food prices worldwide escalated early this year, consumers bought their supplies in bulk and created a widespread anxiety over sufficient supply. The government stepped in by releasing national stock while other rice producing countries stepped up on export bans.

Shortly after, Vietnam lifted the restriction and this eased global rice prices a little. But this time, as Forbes Asia’s report pointed out, Thai farmers felt the pinch instead, and urged the government, who again intervened by giving aid to farmers and buying stocks for BHT 14,000 per tonne.

Which side should the government be on and how can it strike a balanced consistency? Dhanin Chearavanont responded with his opinion. Chearavanont is Group Chairman of Charoen Pokphand (CP) Group, which owns CP Intertrade. The latter is one of Thailand’s largest rice exporters, and accounts for six percent of the country’s total rice export.

Essentially, Chearavanont supports the fundamental idea of cooperation between the top five rice-exporting countries, in line with Thai Prime Minister Samak Sundaravej’s proposal of an OPEC-styled rice cartel in Southeast Asia involving Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia. Chearavanont explained to Forbes Asia why, although the Thai government is longer releasing stock: “Even if the price of rice is higher now and could benefit rice growers with more income now, there is still the need for the five to six rice exporting countries to discuss their cooperation. This is to ensure that we will have enough land for rice in the future and that farmers or rice growers will not turn their land into other crops.”

“This is not an attempt to set the price to distort market price mechanisms it is just an attempt to look for the most appropriate prices that could be enough of an incentive to prevent rice growers from shifting to other crops,” he added.

On the other hand, Thai exports are expected to fall over the last quarter of the year. Food exports to the global market totalled BHT 379.86 billion in the first half of 2008 and are expected to be some BHT 750 billion for the whole year. Export growth in the second half of this year will decrease about 13 percent as compared to the first half of 2008. Chookiat Ophaswongse, president of the Thai Rice Exporters Association, told Reuters that Thailand could export up to 8.5 million tonnes of rice in 2009, down from an expected 10 million this year, but he said later that even this lower target would be difficult to meet. “It won’t be that easy if the government insists on buying rice at 14,000 baht per tonne, which doesn’t reflect world market prices,” he said.

The Kingdom of Smiles may be the undisputed king of rice exports but the pricing issue continues to post problems to the government, growes, exporters and consumers. Only time will tell if a pricing system set according to an open market economy or OPEC model would help Thailand (and the world) through these trying times.